The last sermon of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
The last sermon of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is known as Khutbatul Wada’. It is mentioned in almost all books of Hadith. The following Ahadith in Sahih Al-Bukhari refer to the sermon and quote part of it. See Al-Bukhari, Hadith 1623, 1626, 6361. Sahih of Imam Muslim also refers to this sermon in Hadith number 98. Imam At-Tirmidhi mentioned this sermon in Hadith nos. 1628, 2046, 2085. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal has given us the longest and perhaps the most complete version of this sermon in his Masnud, Hadith no. 19774.
This Khutbah of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was long and it contained much guidance and instructions on many issues. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave this sermon in front of a large gathering of people during the Hajj.
Whosoever heard whatever part of the sermon reported it and later some scholars put it together. It is a great khutbah, and we should all pay attention to its message and guidance. Following are the basic points mentioned:
“O People, lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether after this year I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore listen to what I am saying to you very carefully and take these words to those who could not be present here today.”
Trust and Accountability
“O People, just as you regard this month, this day, this city as sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord, and that He will indeed reckon your deeds.”
Interest (Ribah)
“God has forbidden you to take usury (interest); therefore all interest obligation shall henceforth be waived. Your capital, however, is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer any inequity. God has judged that there shall be no interest and that all interest due to Abbas Ibn ‘Abd al Muttalib (the Prophet’s uncle) shall henceforth be waived.”
Warning about Satan
“Beware of Satan for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware of following him in small things.”
Treatment of Wife (Spouse)
“O People, it is true that you have certain rights in regard to your women, but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your wives, only under God’s trust and with His permission. If they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat you women well and be kind to them, for they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with anyone of whom you do not approve, as well as never to be unchaste.”
Observe the Pillars of Islam
“O People, listen to me in earnest, worship God, say your five daily prayers (Salah), fast during the month of Ramadan, and give your wealth in Zakat. Perform the Hajj if you can afford to.”
Superiority is only in Piety and Submission
“All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has no superiority over a black, nor a black has any superiority over a white - except by piety and good action.”
Brotherhood
“Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim, unless it was given freely and willingly. Do not therefore, do injustice to yourselves. Remember, one day you will appear before God and answer for your deeds. So beware, do not stray from the path of righteousness after I am gone.
Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was the Last Prophet
“People, no prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be born.”
In order to be successful we must obey both God and His Prophet
“Reason well therefore O people, and understand words which I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the Koran and the Sunnah (Hadith) and if you follow these you will never go astray. All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again; and may the last ones understand my words better than those who listened to me directly. Be my witness, O God, that I have conveyed your message to your people.”
